Secondary 2, English Worksheet 2, Close Passages – tbc

Technological (1) in unmanned undersea vehicles as well as breakthroughs in satellite technology and computer (2) have made the job of the oceanographers so much (3) . Today, most oceanographers prefer to reduce the (4) to human life by using machines or orbiting satellites to make (5) observations.

Direct observation of the ocean floor can be (6) not only by divers but also by deep diving submarines. These (7) can dive to depths of more than 100 000 kilometers and cruise at depths of 5 000 meters. In (8) , radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control to (9) information back to land-based laboratory via satellites.

Satellite photographs can (10) the distribution of sea ice, oil slicks and cloud formation over the ocean while maps (11) from satellite pictures can reflect the temperature and the color of the (12) surface. These allow researchers to (13) the ocean currents from the air-conditioned comfort of their (14) on dry land.

Besides that, computers also help oceanographers to organize and (15) data collected from submarines and by satellites. By (16) a model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics, scientists can predict the patterns and possible (17) of the ocean on the environment.

Many oceanographers have therefore been relying more on satellites and computers than on research ships even submarine vehicles. The (18) is that satellites and computers can supply a greater range of information more quickly and (19) than research shops and submarines.

It is likely that some of mankind’s most (20) problems, especially those concerning energy and food, may be solved with the help of observations made possible by this new technology.

Many soccer fans would know that Brazil was only a minor soccer (1) until 17-year old Pele led them to the 1958 World Cup (2) in Sweden. Since then Brazil has gained world (3) as a country not to be trifled with in the world of (4) .

He was born Edson Arantes Do Nascimento, but the world came to know him simply as Pele. When he to Sweden for the 1958 World cup, though, that name meant almost (5) , even to football fans. At 17, he was the youngest player in the (6) . As he suffered a knee injury, he could not play in Brazil’s first two World cup games. This early (7) fed the rumours that the great young talent from across the ocean was (8) .

When he finally debuted against the Soviet Union, Pele answered the skeptics by setting up Brazil’s second goal in a 2-0 victory that (9) his team to the quarterfinals. In the single elimination rounds, he dominated, (10) six of Brazil’s 11 goals. He scored the game’s only goal in the quarterfinals (11) Wales and three more in the semi 5-2 semi-final victory over France.

Pele’s last and most (12) two goals in the 1958 World cup came in the final against Sweden. Brazil was (13) 2-1 at halftime but the host Swedes had equalized.

It was eventually Pele who once more, came to Brazil’s (14) . Standing with his back to the goal, he took a looping pass out of the air, flicked it over his defender and spun around to volley the ball into the (15) . He scored the final goal of the game on a header, and Brazil won 5-2 to (16) its first World cup Trophy.

Brazil’s victory helped make Pele and (17) soccer icon, a role ht has been fulfilling ever since. His sublime grace on the field and his obvious love of the game made him the most recognized and celebrated player of the most (18) sport in the world.

Even now, decades later, he stands (19) in the hearts of many young men as a source of (20) that one day, they too may curve for themselves a name in the world of soccer.

Water, one of the most (1) natural resources on earth, is being recycled continuously in a (2) known as the hydrologic cycle. The first step of the (3) is the evaporation of water in the oceans. This is the process of water turning into (4) , which then turns into snow, or ice.

The second (5) is the water returning to earth in the form of precipitation, which can be rain, (6) or ice. When the eater reaches the earth’s surface, it runs off into the rivers, lakes and oceans, where the cycle (7) again.

Not all water, however, stays on the (8) of the earth in the hydrologic cycle. Some of it seeps into the (9) through infiltration and collects under the earth’s surface as groundwater. This groundwater, which makes up about five percent of the earth’s water, is (10) important to life on earth. The (11) 95 percent of the earth’s water, which is in the oceans, is too salty for (12) or plant consumption.

Of the five percent on (13) only half percent is above ground in rivers or lakes. The (14) is underground water, which is plentiful and dependable (15) it does not depend on seasonal rain or snow. For many cities, this underground water provides the (16) source of water for its entire population.

However, across the world, as the population (17) and the need for water also increases, the groundwater in some area is becoming dangerously (18) . Added to this problem is an increasing amount of pollution that seeps into the groundwater, thus causing contamination.

In the (19) , with a steadily increasing population and more toxic waste, the hydrologic cycle, which we depend on for (20) , could become dangerously imbalanced. At that time, life on earth could become seriously threatened.

At first glance, Coleen Rowley does not fit the (1) of a scandal-provoking whistleblower. A middle-aged, plainspoken mother of four, she favours no-nonsense clothes and owlish glasses. She’s been enamoured of her (2) , the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), since she first wrote the agency’s a letter when she was in the fifth grade.

In May 2002, Rowley, chief counsel of the FBI’s Minneapolis office, put her career on the (3) with a widely publicized, scathing 13-page latter to FBI Director Robert S. Mueller. In it, she (4) the agency of obstructing a pre-September 11 (5) into Zacarias Moussaoui, the only suspect charged in the (6) attacks.

Moussaoui was picked up in a suburban Minneapolis on August 16, 2001, but officials at FBI headquarters in Washington turned down a (7) from Rowley’s office for a national-security warrant to (8) his laptop computer. While she acknowledged in her letter that the full tragedy might not have been (9) even if headquarters had cooperated, she said it was nevertheless (10) they could have gotten lucky and uncovered one or two more of the terrorists who were (11) flight training prior to September 11.

Rowley’s letter triggered a firestorm of (12) directed at the FBI, as well as praise for her own (13) decision to stand up for what she believed was right. Rowley’s actions seemed all the more heroic given her lifelong loyalty to the FBI.

From the time she was a child growing up in New Hampton, lowa, she (14) of becoming an agent. After attending Wartburg College and the University of lowa Law School, she joined the agency in 1980 and began rising through the (15) , earning a reputation as a principled and conscientious employee. After a series of postings, Rowley and her husband Ross (16) suburban Minneapolis in 1990.

According to Rowley, she did not (17) the pressure that her letter would inflict on the FBI. She admitted that she had spent days (18) over whether she should write the letter. It is significant that in her memo to Mueller, Rowley had put the word ‘INTEGRITY’ in capital letters, for it was probably integrity that had helped her to decide.

In direct response to Rowley’s letter, Mueller (19) that there had been immediate plans to reorganize the FBI in order to (20) more resources to fighting terrorism.